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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Transposon silencing ： ウィキペディア英語版 Transposon silencing Transposon silencing is a form of transcriptional gene silencing targeting transposons. Transcriptional gene silencing is a product of histone modifications that prevent the transcription of that area of DNA. Transcriptional silencing of transposons is crucial to the maintenance of a genome. The “jumping” of transposons generates genomic instability and can cause extremely deleterious mutations. Transposable element insertions have been linked to many diseases including hemophilia, severe combined immunodeficiency, and predisposition to cancer. The silencing of transposons is therefore extremely critical in the germline in order to stop transposon mutations from developing and being passed on to the next generation. Additionally, these epigenetic defenses against transposons can be heritable. Studies in ''Drosophila'', ''Arabidopsis thaliana'', and mice all indicate that small interfering RNAs are responsible for transposon silencing. In animals, these siRNAS and piRNAs are most active in the gonads. == Mechanism == Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), the largest class of the small RNAs, are between 26 and 31 nucleotides in length and function through interactions with piwi proteins from the Argonaute protein family (gene silencing proteins). Many piRNAs are derived from transposons and other repeated elements, and therefore lack specific loci. Other piRNAs that do map to specific locations are clustered in areas near the centromeres or telomeres of the chromosome. piRNA clusters make up ~1% of the genome (Khurana, 4). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transposon silencing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.